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F1-管理学术语英汉对照解释(2)

  Management Yesterday and Today
  1、Division of labor : 劳动分工
  The breakdown of jobs into narrow and repetitive tasks.
  即将工作分解为狭隘的重复性的任务。
  2、Industrial revolution:
  The advent of machine power mass production , and efficient transportation.
  产业革命:机器动力的出现而带来的产量的增加及运输效率的提高。
  3、Scientific management: 科学管理
  The use of scientific method to determine the “one best way” for a job to be done.
  运用科学方法确定从事工作的“最佳方式”。
  4、Therbligs:分类体系
  A classification scheme for labeling 17 basic hand motions.
  一个分析了17种手的动作(如抓取,持握等)的体系。
  5、General administrative theorists: 一般行政管理理论
  Writers who developed general theories of what managers do and what constitutes good management practice.
  笔者发展出了关于管理者做什么,以及什么构成了良好的管理实践的更一般的理论。
  6、Principles of management : 管理原则
  Fundamental rules of management that could be taught in schools and applied in all organizational situations.
  管理的一些基本原则, 他们能够在学院里教授这些原则,并可用于所有的组织情景。
  7、Bureaucracy: 官僚行政组织
  A form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy , detailed rules and regulations, and impersonal relationships.
  这是一种组织形式,其特征依据劳动分工原则,具有清楚定义的层次,详细的规则和规章制度,以及非个人的关系。
  8、Quantitative approach: 数量方法:
  The use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making.
  是采用定量技术改进决策制定,这种方法也称为运筹学和管理科学。
  9、Organizational behavior (OB): 组织行为
  The filed of study concerned with the actions (behavior) of people at work.
  这个领域的研究涉及了工作中人的行为。
  10、Hawthorne studies : 霍桑研究
  A series of studies during the 1920s and 1930s that provided new insights in individual and group behavior.
  在1920-1930期间进行的提供关于个别和小组举止行为的新见解的一系列研究。
  11、System: 系统
  A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.
  是一组向互联系和相互依赖的组成部分,它们共同构成一个统一的整体。
  12、Closed systems: 封闭系统
  Systems that are not influenced by or do not interact with their environment.
  不与它所处的环境发生作用,不受环境的影响。
  13、Open systems: 开放系统
  Systems that dynamically interact with their environment.
  动态地与它所处的环境发生作用。
  14、Contingency perspective: 权变观点(有时又称为情境方式):
  An approach that says that organizations are different,face different situations (contingencies), and require different ways of managing.
  它强调这样一个事实,因为组织不同,他们所面对的情境不同,因此可能要求不同的管理方式。
  15、Workforce diversity: 劳动力多元化
  A workforce that‘s more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, ethnicity, age, and other characteristics that reflect differences.
  即员工队伍在性别,种族,民族,年龄和其他特征方面更加多样化。
  16、Entrepreneurship:创业精神/企业家精神
  The process whereby an individual or a group of individuals uses organized efforts and means to create value and grow by fulfilling wants and needs through innovation an uniqueness, no matter what resources are currently controlled.
  即某个人或者某个群体通过有组织的努力,以创新的和独特的方式追求机会,创造价值和谋求增长,不管这些人手中是否拥有资源。
  17、E-business(electronic business): 电子经营型企业
  A comprehensive term describing the way an organization does its work by using electronic (internet based) linkages with its key constituencies in order to efficiently and effectively achieve its goals.
  它描述了一个有组织通过电子联结与它的关键利益相关者开展工作的方式,以便更有效率和更有效果地实现其目标。
  18、E-commerce(electronic commerce) :电子商务
  The sales and marketing component of e-business.
  是企业与其利益方通过电子方式进行交换与交易的任何形式。
  19、Intranet:企业内部网
  An internal organizational communication system that uses internet technology and is accessible only by organizational employees.
  一种组织内部的交流系统,它利用互联网技术但是只允许组织内部人员进入该网络,与处于全球各个场所的部门和人员进行交流。
  20、Total quality management (TQM):全面质量管理
  A philosophy of management that is driven by customer needs and expectations and focuses on continual improvement in work processes.
  一种管理哲学,它被响应顾客需要和期望所驱动,并在工作过程中关注持续不断地改进。
  21、Learning organization:学习型组织
  An organization that has developed the capacity to continuously learn, adapt, and change.
  具有发展持续学习和适应变革的能力的组织。
  22、Knowledge management:知识管理
  Cultivating a learning culture in which organizational members systematically gather knowledge and share it with others in the organization to achieve better performance.
  培育一种学习文化,在这种文化中组织成员能够系统地收集知识和其他组织成员共享它,以便取的更好的成绩。
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